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Pique Knit Fabric – The textured “bumpy” knit fabric that most Polo style shirts are made of.
UltraCool™ System Fabric – Like a Pique Knit, woven in a way to manage perspiration by allowing  more air to flow, keeping you cooler.
Herringbone Fabric – A knit fabric that is woven into a herringbone pattern.
Mercerized Cotton – The fibers have been chemically treated in order to be very smooth & soft – sometimes even shiny.  Double Mercerized is even softer.
Jacquard - A pattern (usually "busy") in the weave of the fabric using dark and light colors.  Usually knit into the material.  There are many types of jacquard patterns, including birdseye, sawtooth, plaid, diamond, double herringbone, triangle, and arrowhead.  If no pattern is specified, it is usually a very small birdseye type pattern.
Birdseye Jacquard - A type of pattern where dark and light fabrics are woven to form a very small checked type pattern.
Drop-Needle - A weaving technique which produces indented lines in the fabric, usually to form a pattern or tone-on-tone striped effect.
Ribbon Pique Fabric - Fabric with a ribbed pattern.  This can be very narrow, or up to 1/4" wide.
Pre-Shrunk – Most  shirts come pre-shrunk even if it’s not stated on tag.
100% Cotton: All cotton
50/50 or 60/40 : Percentage of Polyester/Cotton respectively.
Ounces – As it pertains to a shirt - is the heaviness of the fabric.  The heavier the fabric, the higher the number.  This does not necessarily indicate how strong the shirt is because the type of fabric and how the fibers are spun determine durability.

In general the ranges for most types of shirts are:
Tee Shirts: 4.0 oz. – 7.0 oz
Golf shirts: 5.0 oz. – 8.5 oz. 
Sweatshirts: 7.0 oz - 12 oz. 
Twill shirts or Dress shirts: 4.0 oz. – 6.5 oz.
Denim Shirts: 5.0 oz.  – 8.0 oz.
Fleece & Flannel: 8.0 oz. – 14 oz.

Placket – The part of the shirt where the buttons are.
Half Moon Yoke – An extra piece of fabric sewn on the back of the shirt near the neck to give added strength when hanging up the shirt on a hook.  Sometimes called a "Locker Patch"
Welt Cuffs & Collar – A knit collar & cuffs.
Tubular body – Fabric is woven into a tube – Shirt has no side seams.
Double-Stitched Seams – Seams are stitched in 2 rows for reinforcement .
Taped Collar or Seams – A strip of fabric (tape) covers the seam to reduce wear to the seam.
Side Vents – The bottom hem of the shirt is split on each side to allow it to be wider at the bottom.
Drop Tail or Extended Tail – The bottom hem of the shirt with side vents is longer in the back than it is in the front (to prevent “Plumber’s Gap)
Locker Patch or Half Moon Patch– An extra piece of material is sewn on the back under the collar to pre
Pearlized or Horn buttons – Shiny pearl-looking buttons – usually white unless specified.
Wood-tone Buttons – Brown buttons that are uneven in color fading to a khaki color on one side.